德国司法鉴定体制初探

Preliminary Study on the System of Forensic Expertise in Germany

德国作为传统的大陆法系国家,其刑事诉讼程序中的许多制度安排对我国司法改革而言极具借鉴意义,而司法鉴定作为调查核实证据的重要途径,其功能不仅在于作为'法官的助手'以帮助法庭发现事实真相,更是有着极为深刻的价值追求。本文试以德国刑事诉讼中的司法鉴定制度为切入点,从职权主义诉讼背景下的德国司法鉴定人的选任与分类、人事管理、经济补偿以及鉴定活动的具体开展等方面入手,较为全面地介绍德国司法鉴定体制,以求为我国司法鉴定制度改革提供必要的域外经验。

As a traditional civil law country,Germany has many institutional arrangements in the criminal proceedings that are of great reference to China’s judicial reform.Forensic authentication not only functions as a'judge’s assistant'to the court to find the truth,but it also has an insightful significance of value pursuit.This paper attempts to start from the German criminal proceedings in the forensic system,and to cover the selection and classification of German forensic experts in the context of authoritarian litigation;the personnel management,the economic compensation and the specific development of identification activities.In general,a relatively comprehensive introduction to the German forensic system is intended to provide some extraterritorial experience for China’s judicial identification system reform.