大庆油田主要压裂工艺技术回顾与展望

Review and Outlook of Main Fracturing Technology in Daqing Oilfield

大庆油田在不同开发阶段发展了与之相适应的压裂工艺技术,对低渗透油层渗流能力的疏通起着重要的作用。然而随着油田开发的深入,压裂对象逐年变差,压裂难度加大,为解决“十二五”期间及以后将面临新的矛盾,压裂技术需不断发展完善。通过分析大庆油田不同开发阶段压裂工艺技术面临的新矛盾,论述了压裂工艺技术随着矛盾的转变,在不断发展完善:施工规模从当初的小型压裂发展到现在的数十立方米乃至上百立方米加砂规模;压裂工艺由初期的普通分层压裂逐步发展到应用投球法压裂、限流法压裂完井技术、中低渗透层聚驱井压裂、二氧化碳泡沫压裂、水平井多段压裂等压裂工艺技术,满足了已经历老区井网加密调整、老区驱替方式增加、开发区域拓展的不同开发时期的需要。指出“十二五”期间及以后压裂技术应向复杂岩性压裂、复杂井网整体压裂及复杂结构井压裂等方向发展。

The fracturing technology developed for different development periods of Daqing Oilfield plays an important role for the vadose ability of low permeability reservoirs.But with further development of the Oilfied,the ob-jected reservoirs became poorer year by year,and the fracturing process was getting more difficult.So fracturing tech-nology should be improved increasingly during the“12th Five-Year Plan"period.By analyzing the contractions con-fronted by the fracturing technology for different development periods,this paper discussed the improvement of the frac-turing technology with changing contradictions.Fracturing operation rose from the original small scale to dozens of cu-bic meters and even hundreds of cubic meters of gravel input scale.The fracturing technology has been developed from the commonly used separate layer fracturing technology to the ball fracturing technology,the limited entry fracturing completion technology,the low-medium permeable formation fracturing technology for polymer wells,the C02 foam fracturing technology,and the multistage fracturing technology for horizontal wells,etc.All these met the different de-velopment phase needs such as the thickening adjustment of aged oilfield well pattern,the increase of aged oilfield dis-placement mode,and the extension of development area.It was point out that the complex lithology fracturing technology,the complex overall well pattern fracturing technology,and the fracturing technology for complex configuration wells would be development orientation of the“12th Five-Year Plan"period and afterwards.