刘易斯转折点之后的配置效率测算

The Reallocation Efficiency of Lewis Turning Point

配置效率来自生产率提高引致的生产要素在部门间的重新配置,从过去经验来看,城乡二元结构为中国经济配置效率的提升预留了巨大空间,市场竞争导致的优胜劣汰和生产率提高为生产要素的流动指明了方向。从全国层面来看,2003年到2010年不同地区三次产业之间资源再配置对经济增长的贡献为4.5%,占全要素生产率对经济增长贡献的42%。农村劳动力在非农领域的就业所创造的劳动配置效率,是改革以来配置效率最主要的来源,而且,由于非农行业生产率的提升速度持续快于农业,刘易斯转折点之后,农村劳动力的非农就业仍将支持劳动要素配置效率的提升。从工业行业层面来看,1995年到2010年,全要素生产率对规模以上工业企业增加值增长的贡献为31%,生产要素在不同所有制、不同产业、不同地区之间的优化配置带来的效率提高对增产的贡献,占全要素生产率的40%。其原因是非国有工业企业市场份额的扩大提高了配置效率,要素禀赋变化引致的产业结构的升级也是配置效率持续改善的重要原因。刘易斯转折点之后配置效率的提升,关键在于进一步完善中国的要素市场,发挥市场在引导要素流动和实现资源优化配置方面的核心作用。

With a great potential reserved from urban and rural structure,China's reallocation efficiency come from increased productivity and factor reallocating. At the national level,between 2003 and 2010,reallocation efficiency of industry in different regions contributed to economic growth of 4. 5%,accounted for the total factor productivity of contribution to the economic growth of 42%. Labor reallocation efficiency of rural labor employment in non-agricultural industry is the source of the main reallocation efficiency,since the reform and the non-agricultural industry productivity rate sustained faster than agriculture,after the Lewis turning point,non-agricultural employment of rural labor force will continue to support the labor factor reallocation efficiency promotion. From 1995 to 2010,total factor productivity growth contributed 31% of the industry GDP.Reallocation efficiency among different industries,different regions,and different ownership contributed 40% of total factor productivity. The reason for the expansion of reallocation efficiency is market share improving of non-state-owned industrial and change of factor endowment. The key of improve reallocation efficiency after the Lewis turning point is factors market liberalization.