服务业对中国大城市城镇化效率的影响探析

Analysis on the Influence of Service Industry on Urbanization Efficiency of China’s Big Cities

服务业对城镇化发展具有重要影响,但它对城镇化效率的影响还有待探明。为此,本文构建了服务业对城镇化效率的影响理论机理框架,基于SE-SBM-DEA模型对2006~2015年中国116个大城市的综合城镇化效率、经济城镇化效率和社会城镇化效率进行了测定,并运用DIFF-GMM和SYS-GMM方法实证检验了服务业规模、结构和集聚对一线、二线、三线和四线大城市各城镇化效率的影响。研究发现:服务业规模提升更多促进了经济城镇化效率的提升;生产性服务业占比提升普遍促进了各城镇化效率的提升;消费性服务业和公共性服务业占比提升更多促进了社会城镇化效率的提升;服务业集聚普遍促进了各城镇化效率的提升,但也抑制了少部分城市个别城镇化效率的提升;工业规模和集聚对城镇化效率的影响与服务业类似,但抑制了社会城镇化效率的提升;人口规模提升普遍抑制了一线城市各城镇化效率的提升;教育水平提升普遍促进了一线城市各城镇化效率的提升,就业率提升更多促进了社会城镇化效率的提升,这为优化服务业发展和城镇化效率提升提供了证据。

The service industry has an important impact on the development of urbanization,but its impact on the efficiency of urbanization remains to be explored.To this end,the paper constructs the service mechanism of the impact on the efficiency of urbanization theory framework,measures the comprehensive urbanization efficiency,economic urbanization efficiency and social urbanization efficiency of 116 big cities in China from 2006 to 2015 by SE-SBM-DEA model,empirically tests the influence of scale,structure and agglomeration of service industry on urbanization efficiency of first-tier,second-tier,third-tier and fourth-tier cities by DIFF-GMM and SYS-GMM methods.The research finds that:the scale of service industry promotes the efficiency of economic urbanization;the increase of the proportion of producer services generally promotes the improvement of urbanization efficiency;the increase of the proportion of consumer service industry and public service industry promotes the improvement of the efficiency of social urbanization;service industry agglomeration generally promotes the improvement of urbanization efficiency,but also inhibits the improvement of individual urbanization efficiency in a few cities;the impact of industrial scale and agglomeration on urbanization efficiency is similar to that of the service industry,but it inhibits the improvement of social urbanization efficiency;the increase of population scale generally inhibits the improvement of urbanization efficiency in first-tier cities;the improvement of education generally promotes the improvement of urbanization efficiency in first-tier cities,and the increase of employment rate promotes the improvement of social urbanization efficiency,which provides evidence for the optimization of service industry development and the improvement of urbanization efficiency.