家蚕微粒子病防控技术研究的发展现状与趋势

A Review on Current Status and Development Trend of Pebrine Prevention and Control Technology

家蚕微粒子病是养蚕业的毁灭性病害之一。对家蚕微孢子虫(Nosema bombycis)进入饲养家蚕群体的路径、在家蚕个体内繁殖扩散和在饲养家蚕群体中的扩散规律3个方面的研究进展,以及与此相关的家蚕微粒子病防控技术的发展进行了概述。提出在防止家蚕微孢子虫进入饲养家蚕群体方面,必须根据生产实际并掌握病害流行规律构建因地制宜的防控技术体系;在家蚕个体抗病能力提升方面,家蚕微孢子虫与家蚕的互作机制解明,新型育种技术和微生态技术的应用等非常值得期待;在控制微粒子病在家蚕群体中扩散方面,解明感染个体在蚕座内传播的基本规律,构建新型检疫体系与研发检测技术是迫切需要解决的关键问题。

Pebrine is one of the devastating diseases in sericulture. This review summarizes the technologies currently available for preventing and controlling pebrine from three key aspects including the path from Nosema bombycis enter-ing the silkworm( Bombyx mori)breeding populations,pathogen propagation inside silkworm individuals,as well as the spread pattern of pathogens in silkworm breeding populations. We propose that:(1) to prevent N. bombycis from entering the silkworm breeding populations,one must establish a technological system based on the production practice,epidemic pattern,and local conditions;(2) in case of enhancing resistance of silkworm individuals,it is noteworthy to elucidate the interaction mechanisms between N. bombycis and silkworm,to develop new breeding technology,and to apply novel microbial ecological technology and so on; and( 3) in control of pebrine spread in silkworm populations,unearthing the epidemic pattern in the rearing bed,setting up new inspection system,and developing new detection technology are key problems to be solved urgently.