寄生桑树的粗毛纤孔菌的人工栽培试验

Artificial Cultivation Test of Inonotus hispidus Parasitizing on Mulberry

粗毛纤孔菌(Inonotus hispidus)是一种珍贵的药用真菌。从河北省承德地区采集到寄生于桑树树干的野生粗毛纤孔菌并进行人工栽培试验,探究不同培养方法和培养基配方对人工培养各阶段粗毛纤孔菌生长的影响。室内培养试验的结果是:(1)在野生粗毛纤孔菌的菌种(母种)分离培养阶段,用25μg/m L氯霉素溶液处理PDA培养基表面可以有效防止菌种分离培养过程的细菌感染;(2)原种培养阶段,当菌丝生长至2 cm厚时通过人工拍瓶混匀培养基可显著加快原种菌丝的生长,菌丝长满培养瓶的时间较未经混匀处理的缩短约5 d,且用谷粒培养基较麦粒培养基更为适用;(3)栽培生产子实体阶段,采用桑枝培养基较桦木培养基可以显著提高粗毛纤孔菌子实体产量,其中用1年生桑枝培养基培养比用多年生桑枝培养基培养的子实体产量高,多年生桑枝+棉籽壳培养基可以加快菌丝生长和子实体形成速率,但对子实体产量没有明显影响。在桑园中以桑树行间搭建小拱棚进行的粗毛纤孔菌栽培试验中,用新桑枝培养基培养的菌袋在树阴下(最大光照强度为1 800 lx,温度20~33℃,相对湿度>80%)成功培养出子实体。试验结果初步表明,可以采用桑枝培养基在室内和室外进行粗毛纤孔菌的人工培养。

Inonotus hispidus is a kind of fungi with high medical value. Wild Inonotus hispidus that parasitized on mulberry trunk was collected in Chengde area of Hebei province,and cultivation experiments were carried out to investigate the effects of different cultivating methods and different culture medium formulae on its growth of every stage. Indoor cultivation test showed that:( 1) In the stage of isolation and culture of wild Inonotus hispidus,25 μg / m L chloramphenicol solution spreading on the surface of PDA medium could prevent the medium from being infected by bacteria.( 2) In the stage of stock culture,when the hypha grew to about 2 cm long,shaking bottle to mix the medium could significantly promote the growth of hypha,and shorten the time from inoculation to hypha overgrowing by about 5 days compared to those without bottle shaking. Besides,millet medium was more suitable than wheat medium.( 3) In the stage of cultivating fruit body,the yield of fruit body could be increased significantly by using the medium supplemented with mulberry branch powder than that with birch wood powder. The yield of fruit body from culture medium supplemented with mulberry powder of annual branches was higher than that of perennial branches. Adding cotton seed hull to medium with perennial mulberry branch powder could promote hypha growth and fruit body forming,but had no effect on increasing yield of fruit body. Outdoor cultivating test und-er small arcade made between mulberry tree rows showed that fruit bodies of Inonotus hispidus could be successfully cultured in culture bags containing annual mulberry branch powder which were put under the shade of mulberry trees( light intensity < 1800 lx,temperature range 20 to 33 ℃ and relative humidity >80 %). These results indicate that Inonotus hispidus could be artificially cultured by using the medium supplemented with mulberry branch powder under both indoor and outdoor conditions.