内蒙古牧区草地生态补偿实践评析

Analysis on Inner Mongolia grassland ecological compensation practices

内蒙古草原位居我国五大牧区之首,是我国重要的畜牧业生产基地和生态安全屏障。受气候变化和人为因素的影响,草原生态系统破坏严重。为恢复和改善草原生态环境,国家对内蒙古草原实施了生态补偿项目。本文以内蒙古牧区33个旗县实施的京津风沙源和退牧还草工程为研究对象,通过内蒙古统计年鉴数据及相关资料分析,发现工程实施后生态效益和经济社会效益有了明显改善,但是工程在实施过程中存在补偿标准偏低、补偿范围偏小、投入力度偏弱、补偿主体过于单一、监督管理不完善等诸多问题。为解决这些问题,本文提出七方面的对策和建议,旨为后期草原生态工程顺利实施提供有力保障。

The Inner Mongolia grassland ranks first among China's five major pastoral areas,which is an important ecological defense in north China. However,Inner Mongolia grassland ecosystem has been damaged severely due to climate change and human factors. China has implemented a series of ecological projects to restore and improve grassland ecosystem. This paper analyzed the effects of Beijing and Tianjin sandstorm source control project as well as Returning grazing land to grass project in Inner Mongolia pastoral 33 counties. Based on Inner Mongolia Statistical Yearbook and relevant materials,we found that the project implementation improved ecological,economic and social benefits of Inner Mongolia pastoral area. However,some problems still existed such as low compensation standard,small compensation range,weak input and investment,single compensation subjects,backward regulatory system and other problems. In order to solve these issues,this paper put forward seven aspects of countermeasures and suggestions so as to provide a strong guarantee for the smooth implementation of subsequent grassland ecosystem projects.