体细胞突变技术在草坪草种质创新上的最新应用

The applications of somaclonal variation on germplasm improvement of turfgrasses

体细胞突变已经成为草坪草育种领域的研究热点之一。本文综述了近几年来国内外体细胞突变技术在几种主要草坪草种质创新上的相关研究,概述了这几种草坪草胚性愈伤组织诱导和植株高频再生技术,着重叙述了体细胞胚在低温、高盐、高温等非生物胁迫下培养和筛选的定向诱变技术、离体培养与辐照相结合的非定向诱变技术以及利用分子标记对获得的再生材料进行鉴定技术等方面的研究进展;此外,还分析了体细胞突变技术在草坪草抗性育种中存在的诱变频率较低、性状改良效果不理想、突变体鉴定不全面、变异机理研究不深入等主要问题,并对未来研究方向进行了讨论和建议。

Somaclonal variation has been one of the hot topics in turfgrass breeding.The present paper reviewed the domestic and foreign researches about the applications of somaclonal variation on several main turfgrasses germplasm innovations and summarized the technologies of embryogenic callus induction and the high frequency plantlets regeneration.The present review focused on the directed mutagenesis from the incubation and selection under stressed conditions such as cold,salt and heat,the non-directed mutagenesis from the combination of in vitro culture and ray irradiation,and the molecular technologies including marker to identify the regenerations.In addition,this review also discussed the problems of somaclonal variation applied on turfgrass resistant breeding which included low variation frequency,unsatisfied traits improvement,incomplete mutants detection and uncertain variation mechanism.Finally,the future research directions were discussed and put forward.