旱地莜麦全膜覆土穴播技术肥料效应

The fertilizer effects of full plastic-film mulching overlying soil and bunch planting of dryland hulless oat

采用田间小区试验研究了旱地莜麦(Avena nuda)全膜覆土穴播技术的肥料效应,结果表明,全膜覆土穴播技术能提高莜麦肥料利用率和肥料利用效率。全膜覆土穴播莜麦氮、磷、钾肥料利用率分别为36.0%、20.0%和31.8%,较露地条播分别增加了8.2、5.7和6.4百分点;利用效率分别为12.0、20.0和11.0 kg·kg-1,较露地条播分别增长了29.0%、39.9%和25.0%。全膜覆土穴播莜麦缺氮、缺磷、缺钾区相对产量分别为65.4%、59.6%和90.5%,较露地条播分别增加了11.6、9.6和4.2百分点;氮、磷、钾施肥依从度分别为34.6%、40.4%和9.5%,较露地条播分别降低了25.1%、19.2%和27.6%。全膜覆土穴播技术能增强莜麦对土壤养分的吸收利用能力,提高缺素区莜麦的相对产量,从而降低氮、磷、钾施肥的依从度。

Field plot experiments were employed to investigate fertilizer effects of whole plastic-film mulching overlying soil and bunch planting of dry-land hulless oat( Avena nuda). Compared with no-mulching cultivation( CK),whole plastic-film mulching overlying soil and bunch planting( WFM) increased fertilizer use rate remarkably which lead N,P,K fertilizer use rate to 36. 0%,20. 0% and 31. 8%,respectively,and increased by 8. 2%,5. 7%and 6. 4% compared with CK. The techniques of WFM also increased hulless oat fertilizer use efficiency remarkably which lead N,P,K fertilizer use efficiency to 12. 0,20. 0 and 11. 0 kg·kg- 1,respectively,and increased by 29. 0%,39. 9% and 25. 0% compared with CK. The techniques of WFM also increased the relative-yield of N,P,K nutritional deficiency zone remarkably which lead the relative-yield of N,P,K nutritional deficiency zone to65. 4%,59. 6% and 90. 5%,respectively,and increased by 11. 6%,9. 6% and 4. 2 % compared with CK. The techniques of WFM decreased N,P,K fertilizer adherence remarkably which lead N,P,K fertilizer adherence to 34.6%,40. 4% and 9. 5%,respectively,and decreased by 25. 1%,19. 2% and 27. 6% compared with CK. Therefore,this technique made a key breakthrough for highly efficient fertilizer utilizing techniques in dryland hulless oat.