西北五省(区)草原建设与利用现状分析

Grassland construction and utilization in five provinces in northwestern China

西北五省(区)是我国草原的主要分布区域,其草原利用现状对草原发展影响极大。为了合理有效地利用和保护草原资源,本研究根据中国统计年鉴2013年的相关数据,采用多元统计分析法中的快速聚类方法,以草原面积可利用率、累计种草保留面积率、当年新增种草面积率、草原鼠害危害面积率、草原鼠害治理面积率、草原虫害危害面积率和草原虫害治理面积率7项指标为主要研究因素,对西北五省(区)草原建设与利用现状进行了分析。结果表明,7项指标中草原鼠害危害面积率、草原鼠害治理面积率、草原虫害危害面积率这3项均显著(P<0.05),并以草原鼠害治理面积率显著性最高,可是虫害治理面积率并不显著(P>0.05)。由此看出,鼠害治理虽已取得阶段性结果,但长期治理还需加强,而虫害防治则成为当务之急,迫切需要有效的治理方法。

The five northwestern provinces and municipalities including Shaanxi,Gansu,Qinghai,Ningxia and Xinjiang have large areas of grassland which have great impacts on grassland development in China.In order to enhance the protection and rational utilization of grassland resources,grassland construction and utilization were analyzed using the K-means Cluster which was multivariate statistic method based on the relevant data in China Statistical Yearbook 2013.The seven indices including the utilized ratio of grassland area,the accumulated grassland reserved area ratio,the newly increased grassland area ratio this year,the rodent damage area ratio in grassland,the rodent management area ratio in grassland,the pest damage area ratio in grassland and the pest management area ratio in grassland were calculated.The results indicated that the rodent damage area ratio in grassland,the rodent harnessed area ratio in grassland and the pest damage areas ratio in grassland showed significance among all seven influencing factors(P<0.05),meanwhile,the significance of the rodent harnessed area ratio in grassland was the highest among these three significant influencing factors.However,the pest harnessed area ratio in grassland was not significant(P>0.05).The results suggested that rodent control had achieved stage results,but the long-term management still need to be strengthened.The effective pest control was urgent and has become a top priority.