北疆牧区牧民定居后的生产经营模式——以昌吉市阿什里乡为例

Analysis on production and management modes after the settlement of herdsmen in North Xinjiang region——In case study of Ashili Kazak Nationality Town of Changji City

本研究以北疆地区昌吉市阿什里乡的典型牧民定居点为研究对象,采用问卷调查、入户调查和访谈等方法,对125户定居牧民家庭进行调查研究。结果表明,定居后的生产经营模式可分为7种类型,其中"放牧+养殖奶牛+种植+务工"型生产经营模式的牧户比重最多,占总牧户的39%,该模式的牧民人均年收入为最高(11 320.47元·a-1);"放牧+养殖奶牛+种植"型生产经营模式的牧民人均年收入为中等(为9 488.1元·a-1);"养殖奶牛+种植"型生产经营模式的牧民人均年收入为最低(2 674.75元·a-1),表明牧民人均年收入与经营模式高度相关,经营模式越多元化,经济收入越高。通过相关性及逐步回归分析发现,"放牧+养殖奶牛+种植+务工"型生产经营模式的人均年收入与家畜羊单位、人均放牧性投入、人均养殖奶牛业投入之间呈极显著正相关关系,家畜羊单位头数是该模式中影响人均年收入的最强的关键因素。相关性分析及回归分析结论基本吻合,充分说明牧民生产投入是提高人均收入的重要因素。

The conditions of 125 settled herdsmen households in Ashili County,Changji City in North Xinjiang region were investigated by questionnaire,on-site interview and key figure interview. The results showed that the production and management modes of these families were mainly divided 7 types after herdsmen settlement and the most popular mode was'Grazing + crows farming + cultivating + casual labour'which accounting for 39% of the total herdsman. The highest income per capita( 11 320. 47 CNY·a-1) came from the mode of 'Grazing + cows farming + cultivating + casual labour'; the medium per capita income( 9 488. 1 CNY·a-1) came from the mode of 'Grazing + cows farming + cultivating'; the lowest per capita income( 2 674. 75 CNY · a-1) came from the mode of 'cows farming + cultivating'. There was significant correlation between per capita income of herdsman and production and management mode and the higher per capita income achieved if there was more diversified production and management mode. The correlations and stepwise regression analysis indicated that there was a significant positive correlation between per capita income of herdsman and sheep livestock units,grazing investment of per capita,cow investment of per capita and livestock sheep units was the key factor. The correlation analysis was consistent with stepwise regression analysis which fully explained the herds' production investment was an important factor for the herds' income.