水溶性聚合物PVA纳米纤维基PM_(2.5)过滤材料研究

Study on PM_(2.5) filter materials based on water-soluble polymer PVA nanofibers

利用多针头静电纺丝技术制备水溶性聚合物PVA纳米纤维基PM_(2.5)过滤材料,基于单因素试验及正交试验探究最佳纺丝工艺,测试其抗水解性能、红外光谱、孔径分布及过滤性能。结果表明:最佳纺丝工艺为纺丝液质量分数10%、纺丝电压30 kV、喂液速率1.0 mL/h,所得纳米纤维形貌最佳,纤维平均直径为116.99 nm、纤维直径CV值为15.09%。抗水解性能及红外光谱测试表明,与GA交联后再进行热处理能有效改善PVA的水解性。孔径分布及过滤性能测试表明,水溶性聚合物PVA纳米纤维基PM_(2.5)过滤材料是优秀的空气过滤材料,由PP纺黏布、水溶性聚合物PVA纳米纤维基PM_(2.5)过滤材料、PP纺黏布组合形成的复合过滤材料,对直径在0.3μm及以上的颗粒的过滤效率超过99%且过滤阻力仅为90 Pa,完全符合相关国家标准。

PM2.5 filter materials based on water-soluble polymer PVA nanofibers were prepared by multi-needle electrospinning technology. The best spinning process was investigated based on the single factor test and the orthogonal experiment. The hydrolysis resistance, infrared spectrum, pore size distribution and filtration performance were tested. The results showed that the optimal spinning process was the mass fraction of spinning solution at 10%, spinning voltage at 30 kV and feeding rate at 1.0 mL/h. The obtained nanofibers had the best morphology, the average fiber diameter was 116.99 nm and the fiber diameter CV value was 15.09%. The hydrolysis resistance and infrared spectroscopy tests showed that the hydrolysis of PVA could be effectively improved by heat treatment after cross-linking with GA. The pore size distribution and filtration performance tests showed that the PM2.5 filter material based on water-soluble polymer PVA nanofibers was excellent air filter material, the filtration efficiency for particles with diameter of 0.3 μm and above of the composite filter material formed by the combination of PP spunbonded cloth, the PM2.5 filter material based on water-soluble polymer PVA nanofibers and the PP spunbonded fabric was over 99%, and the filtration resistance was only 90 Pa, which was in full compliance with the relevant national standards.