中国工业技术创新的动力机制:环境管制还是政府补贴?

The Dynamic Mechanism of China’s Industrial Technology Innovation: Environmental Control or Government Subsidies?

技术创新是企业生存和发展的原动力,研究中国工业技术创新的动力机制具有重要的理论意义和现实意义。本文运用2006—2015年中国35个工业行业的面板数据,采用固定效应和门槛回归方法,分析环境管制和政府补贴对工业企业技术创新的影响机制。研究结果表明:平均而言,环境管制对技术创新的影响不是简单的线性关系,而是'U'形关系,而政府补贴显著促进了工业企业的技术创新。同时,对污染型工业而言,环境管制对技术创新的影响依然是'U'形的,但对清洁型工业而言,加强环境管制将会抑制其技术创新。此外,政府补贴对污染型工业和清洁型工业的技术创新均具有促进作用,相比较而言,政府补贴对污染型工业技术创新的激励效应更强。通过门槛回归得出存在激励工业企业技术创新的最优环境管制区间,同时,政府补贴对工业技术创新的影响存在门槛效应。最后,本文认为,为了提升中国工业技术创新的动力,需要在环境管制与政府补贴政策之间寻求有效平衡。

Technological innovation is the source of the survival and development of the enterprise.And it is of great theoretical and practical value to explore the dynamic mechanism of China’s industrial technological innovation.Base on the panel data of 35 industry sectors from 2006 to 2015,the paper used Fixed effect model and threshold regression method to explore how the environmental regulation and government subsidies will affect the technological innovation.Research indicates:on the average,the impact of environmental regulation on technological innovation is not a simple linear relationship,but a'U'relationship,while government subsidies significantly promote technological innovation of industrial enterprises.Meanwhile,for polluting industries,the impact of environmental regulation on technological innovation is still'U',but for clean industries,strengthening environmental regulation will inhibit technological innovation.Meanwhile,for polluting industries,the impact of environmental regulation on technological innovation is still'U',but for clean industries,strengthening environmental regulation will inhibit technological innovation.Besides,government subsidies have a positive effect on technological innovation of polluting industries and clean industries.In contrast,government subsidies have a stronger incentive effect on pollution-based industrial technology innovation.Through threshold regression,it is concluded that there exists an optimal environmental control area for technological innovation of industrial enterprises,At the same time,there is a threshold effect on the impact of government subsidies on industrial technology innovation.Finally,this paper argues that in order to improve the motivation of China’s industrial technology innovation,it is necessary to seek an effective balance between environmental control and government subsidy policy.