混合所有制改革对企业竞争力的影响——基于企业微观数据的实证分析

The Impact of Mixed Ownership Reform on Corporate Competitiveness: An Empirical Analysis Based on Enterprise Microdata

中共十九大报告指出:'深化国有企业改革,发展混合所有制经济,培育具有全球竞争力的世界一流企业'。那么,上一轮混合所有制改革是否确实能够提升国有经济的核心竞争力,其作用机制如何?这对今后相关经济体制改革的方向与路径探索具有重要的借鉴和指导意义。首先,本文使用微观企业层面数据测度出一个'企业竞争力指数',采用倾向得分匹配-双重差分法(PSM-DID)研究国有企业混合所有制改革对其核心竞争力的影响。其次,结果表明混合所有制改革对国有企业核心竞争力具有显著的正向影响,相对于垄断性行业和非东部地区而言,竞争性行业和东部地区的国有企业混合所有制改革带来的竞争力提升效应更为显著。最后,本文对当前混合所有制改革提出了有针对性的对策分析。

The report of the 19 th National Congress of the Communist Party of China pointed out:'Deepening the reform of state-owned enterprises,developing a mixed-ownership economy,and cultivating world-class enterprises with global competitiveness.'Then,can the previous round of mixed ownership reform really improve the core competitiveness of the state-owned economy,and what is its mechanism?This has important reference and guiding significance for the direction and path exploration of relevant economic system reform in the future.To this end,this paper uses micro-enterprise level data to measure a‘Corporate Competitiveness Index’,and uses the difference-in-differences estimator combined with propensity score matching(PSM-DID)to study the impact of state-owned enterprise’mixed ownership reform on its core competitiveness.The results show that the reform of mixed ownership has a significant positive impact on the core competitiveness of state-owned enterprises.Compared with monopolistic industries and non-eastern regions,the competitive enhancement effect brought by the mixed ownership reform for state-owned enterprises in competitive industries and in the eastern region are more significant.Finally,this paper proposes a targeted countermeasure analysis for the current mixed ownership reform.