中国冷杉、云杉和落叶松属植物的地理分布

Geographical Distribution of Species in Genera Abies, Picea and Larix in China

根据大量的植被分布资料,利用地理信息系统软件,将经纬度投影的中国地图划分为1×1°的经纬网格,直观地把冷杉、云杉和落叶松3属的植物分布显示在中国地图上,并对其分布及其丰富度进行分析。结果表明,川丁滇北是3属植物共同的现代分布中心;3属植物垂直分布的海拔高度随纬度增加而降低,沿经度方向,由于青藏高原的存在,在经度95～105°E之间存在高度分布极大值,而这种变化趋势由于复杂的生境出现而常常遭到破坏。文章还简要分析了3属植物分布格局的关系以及3属分布格局的地史成因。

Species in genera Abies, Picea and Larix constitute dominant components of cold-temperate coniferous forests in China. In the present study, a number of geobotanical data on these three genera were collected by literature review to explore the distribution of these genera and their interrelations. Using GIS technique and based on the data collected, we established a spatial-explicitly species distribution database for each mesh with a resolution of 1° latitude by 1° longitude for each genus in entire China. The results suggested that: (1) west Sichuan and north Yunnan were modern distribution center common to these three genera; and (2) distribution altitudes of species decreased with an increase of latitude while along a longitudinal direction the distribution elevation appeared a maximum at a longitudinal range of 95°-105*° mainly due to existence of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau although such a trend was frequently impacted by a heterogeneous environment.