黄河下游生态需水量及其估算

Estimation of Ecological Water Requirement for the Lower Yellow River

通过分析黄河下游1958～2000年实测生态可用水,探讨生态需水量内涵,根据黄河特殊性及黄河生态需水量的研究现状,将维持和保护河流功能的黄河下游生态需水量分为汛期输运水量和非汛期生态基流量,在平滩流量输运能力最强的前提下,估算黄河下游汛期输运水量为80～120亿m3,根据实测资料估算作为黄河下游水量控制断面花园口水文站和作为河口地区水量控制断面利津水文站的非汛期生态基分别为80～100亿m3和50～60亿m3。同时指出对黄河下游水沙调控和黄河流域水资源“准市场”的形成,是黄河下游生态需水量实现的保证。

In this paper the measured ecological water flow of the lower Yellow River during 1958-2000 was analyzed and the concept of ecological water requirement was discussed. Based on the unique characteristics of the Yellow River and previous research on its ecological water requirement, the present paper recommends that the water requirement for transport in the flood season and base ecological flow in non-flood season should be both included in the ecological water requirement. The water requirement for transport is 80 × 108-120 × 108 m3 per year if the bankfull discharge carries the largest sediment and contaminant load over a long period of time. The base ecological flows in non-flood season at Huayuankou and Lijin stations are 80 × 108-100×108 m3 and 50 × 108-60 × 108 m3, respectively. Proper regulation and control of sediment and water discharges, and quasi-market management of water resources of the Yellow River will be helpful to guarantee the above ecological waterrequirement.