比较优势差异、变化及其对地区差距的影响

Comparative Advantages: Differences, Changes and Their Impact on Regional Disparity

本文尝试从地区发挥比较优势的角度解释地区差距。文章从物质资本、劳动力、人力资本和自然资源等角度揭示了不同地区禀赋比较优势和显示性比较优势的变化趋势 ,通过估计生产函数计算了不同地区生产要素的边际报酬。研究发现 ,由于市场发育水平特别是要素市场发育水平尚不完善 ,使得产业结构调整尚未达到资源最佳配置的目标。在改革期间 ,物质资本的边际报酬在地区间差异较小 ,并于 2 0世纪 90年代以来走向趋同 ;而人力资本和劳动力的边际报酬在地区间的差异存在着扩大趋势。地区间生产要素边际报酬差异导致地区差距 。

This paper tries to provide an explanation of regional disparities in terms of bringing regional comparative advantages into full play. China's eastern, central and western regions are shown to display differences in endowed and revealed comparative advantages in regard to physical capital, labor force, human capital and natural resources. Marginal returns to factors of production are calculated in various regions through estimating production functions. The findings from this paper suggest that the differences in marginal returns to physical capital are relatively small and began converging in the 1990s, while the regional disparities of marginal returns to labor and human capital have expanded in the period of reform. Disparities in returns to factors of production, caused by lack of factor mobility and immaturity of factors marks, in turn lead to regional disparities in income and growth.