犯罪本质特征新界说

The Redefinition of Essential Feature of the Crimes

犯罪的本质特征是既为犯罪所共有又能区分一般违法行为与犯罪行为的外显性、直观性的标志。据此考察我国刑法通说中犯罪的三大基本特征:社会危害性无法区分一般违法行为与犯罪行为,所以不是犯罪的本质特征;刑事违法性不能独立界分罪与非罪,因此也不能成为犯罪的本质特征;应受刑罚处罚性不但可表明社会危害性已至犯罪的程度,能直观地将犯罪与其他违法行为区分开来,还是我们制定刑法、理解刑法的实质根据,因此,应受刑罚处罚性才是犯罪的本质特征。

The essential feature of the crimes is a symbol to differentiate the general violations against law from the crimes easily and also shared by all crime.Based upon these,this article explores the three existing basic characteristics of the crimes.For can not be distinguished the general violations against law from the criminal actions,the social harms is not the essential feature of the crime.For can not be discriminated the no crime from the crime independently,the standard of the criminal illegalities is not the essential feature of the crime,too.The deserved punishment embodies the visual criterion of social harmfulness and criminal illegality,it not only includes social harmfulness and indicates that social harmfulness achieved a certain degree,but it also is the premise and foundation of the criminal illegality.It is true that only deserved punishment can easily make a distinction of crimes from other general violations and display the unique characteristics of crimes, therefore deserved punishment is the essential feature of crimes.