刑法机能模式及当代中国之选择

The Mode of Functions of Criminal Law and the Choice of China

刑法机能模式是指刑法在法益保护机能与人权保障机能冲突与契合关系基础上表现出来的对某一机能的侧重,体现了刑法机能的价值偏一关系。法益保护机能与人权保障机能的冲突及契合关系是刑法机能模式的逻辑前提与理论预设。法益保护机能与人权保障机能的冲突主要体现在价值取向、实现手段和罪刑关系三个方面,该冲突实质在于秩序和自由的二律悖反,亦即个人与社会的冲突。同时,法益保护机能和人权保障机能的契合具有现实性。保障公民自由实质上意味着保护法益;两者在国家的保护目的,国家权力义务关系以及罪刑规范等方面均能得以契合。法益保护机能与人权保障机能契合意味着秩序与自由的统一,其契合的根源在于个人与社会的统一。"人权保障机能优先模式"是超越传统、实现社会和谐的必然选择;是刑事法治的内在诉求;是公民维护自身利益、社会生成和谐秩序的重要条件。因之,"人权保障机能优先模式"是当代中国刑法机能模式的理性选择。

The mode of functions of criminal law refers to that criminal law shall place special emphasis on one of the two functions during their conflict and integration.The relationship of the conflict and integration of criminal function,which is related to legal interest protection function and human rights guarantee function,is the logical prerequisite and theoretical supposition.The conflict between the function of legal interest protection and that of freedom guarantee mainly present itself in three aspects:value orientation,means of its realization and relationship of crimes with punishment.This conflict of the two functions, in essence,lies in the antinomy of order and freedom,that is,the conflict between individuals and the society.Meanwhile,the integration of the function of legal interest protection and that of human rights guarantee has the probability and practicability.To safeguard the freedom of citizen actually amounts to the protection of legal interest.The both can integrate with each other in such aspects as the purpose of protection by the State, the relationship between its power and obligations and regulations of crime and punishment.The integration of the two functions means the unity of order and freedom,and the source of such integration lies in the unity of human beings with society.At the time of transition from traditional society to modern society,the human-rights-protection-first mode should be adopted.It shall be the right choice for China in the construction of a socialist harmonious society,and also it is the inner demand of modern criminal law.Besides,by putting the protection of freedom and rights as its priority,criminal law can facilitate the birth of a favorable social order so as to promote the increase of people' s rights and freedom.