论犯罪学的研究模式

On the Research Mode of Criminology

作为犯罪学方法论的重要组成部分,犯罪学的研究模式是方法论对具体研究方法的使用准则和组合方案。目前,我国犯罪学的研究模式主要包括传统的"现象一原因一对策"模式和新兴的"关系犯罪学"模式。传统模式逻辑性强、体系鲜明、结构完整,能基本反映犯罪学的研究主题和研讨顺序;但易被滥用,并导致研究的僵化、死板、模式化及套路化。新兴的模式视角独到、内容全面、体系开放,注重从犯罪与周围事物关系中挖掘犯罪规律,注重以跨学科思维促成思辨和实证方法的综合运用;但跨学科思维不易被掌握,导致该模式影响有限。实际上,这两种模式各有其特定的学术价值和局限性;尽管传统模式的改良势在必行,但也并非能够用新兴模式完全取而代之。理性的选择是在研究过程中对之进行科学整合,这种整合可分别在基础理论研究层面和犯罪治理实践层面加以展开。

As an important component of the methodology, criminology research methodology is the use of research methods and criteria program to the specific model.At present,studies of criminology research methodology include the traditional 'phenomenon - the reason -response' model and the emerging 'relationship criminology ' model. The logic of the traditional model is strong,the system is clear-cut system,and the structural integrity.The traditional model could reflect the theme of crime well and discuss the order.But it is liable to be abused and lead to study rigid,inflexible,and the routines of the model.The perspective of the emerging model is unique and the system is open.The emerging model pays attention to things around the relationship between crime and the circumstance and mines the rule of the crime.The emerging model pays attention to and in order to facilitate cross-disciplinary thinking and thinking of the comprehensive use of empirical methods.But the cross-disciplinary thinking is not easy to learn,which lead the emerging mode to be limited.In fact,these two models have their own specific academic value and limitations.Although it is imperative to improve the traditional model,it is not always possible to completely replace it with new models.The reasonal choice is making scientific integration in the course of the study,which can be carried out in practice on the basis of theoretical research in crime levels and levels of governance.