法人本质与法人刑事责任

The Essence of Corporation and Corporate Criminal Liability

法人作为法律主体是法人犯罪的首要前提,法人刑事责任的一切问题都与法人的本质密切相关。法人只是一种法律拟制;法人犯罪的实质是符合法人内部秩序的自然人个人犯罪对法人的名义上的归属;法人刑事责任的实质是对自然人刑事责任的拟制和分担;(国家)机关工作人员的违法行为不符合机关法人的内部秩序,不应归于机关,不能视为机关法人(单位)犯罪;单位盗窃的本质是自然人个人盗窃,应追究责任个人盗窃罪的刑事责任;双罚制的实质是对自然人的主辅刑制;法人犯罪中,责任成员之间当然可以构成共同犯罪;责任成员的刑事责任不以法人(单位)刑事责任为必要。

Corporation as legal subject is the most important prerequisite for corporate crime.All issues on the corporate criminal liability are closely connected with the essence of corporation.Corporation is just a legal fiction.The substance of corporate crime is individual crime of natural person,which is ascribed to corporation normally.The substance of corporate criminal liability is a ascribing and sharing for individual criminal liability.The offences of th staff of state organs should not be attributed to the organs themselves,because it don not conform to the internal orders by which the organs are constructed.The substance of unit theft is natural person's individual theft,in which the individual should be imposed penal punishment.Dual penal system is in fact a single penal system to the individual,namely principle and accessory penalties. The responsible members in corporate crime may surely be joint offenders, whose criminal liability are not subject to whether corporation undertakes criminal liability.