走私罪罪种设置的立法完善

Legislative Perfection in Setting the Sorts of Smuggling Crime

走私罪的罪种应当如何设置,理论上并没有统一的意见。我国1979年《刑法》采用"单一罪名制",只规定了一个走私罪名。1988年1月28日全国人大常委会《关于惩治走私罪的补充规定》和1997年《刑法》采用了"分立罪名制",规定了13个罪名,并安排在不同的章节中。这种以对象和法益为依据对走私罪进行划分的模式,导致了走私罪罪种内部关系的不当竞合。从我国走私罪立法的历史看,以走私行为的样态为标准确定走私罪的罪种比较合理。建议设立一个统一的走私罪,取消现行《刑法》中的特定类走私罪,将特定类走私罪的对象作为统一走私罪的加重因素,设定为加重犯。

There is no unanimous opinion in theory about how should the sorts of smuggling crime set.The 1979 penal code of China adopted the'single Accusation',it only set one smuggling crime.While both the decision on Supplementary Provisions about the Punishment of the Smuggling Crime Promulgated by NPC Standing Committee on January 28,1988 and the 1997 penal code of China adopt'discrete Accusation', stipulate 13 charges which are arranged on different chapters.This kind of model which divides smuggling crimes by the object and legal interest leads the internal relationships between those sorts of smuggling crime to? concurrence improperly.Look at the legislative history of the smuggling crime from China,taking the acts of smuggling-like state as the standard to determine the sorts of smuggling crime is more reasonable.So we recommend to set a unified smuggling crime,abolish the particular category of smuggling crime in the existing criminal law,and set aggravated offence by making those specific crime of smuggling as the Aggravating factors of the unified crime of smuggling.