西班牙:“有组织”犯罪的“无组织”刑事政策

Spain:A ‘Disorganized' Criminal Policy for ‘Organized' Crime

在西班牙,有组织犯罪是指三人或者以上共同以持续性或者重复性的方式实施一个或者数个法定的刑事违法行为,应当具备结构、目的和时间三个方面的要素。西班牙应对有组织犯罪的刑事政策表现在国际法和国内法两个方面。在国际法方面,西班牙是大部分联合国关于司法合作和引渡的国际公约的缔约国;在国内法方面,西班牙有组织犯罪刑事政策不表现为系统性的规定,而主要通过刑事实体法、刑事程序、相关行政措施方面的法律革新予以彰显。

In Spain,organized crime is the association of three or more people in order to commit,permanently or in a repeated manner, one or several of the penal infractions specifically mentioned by the law, which should include structural,finalisticand temporal elements.Spanish organized crime policy is mostly reflected at international and domestic level.As to international law,Spain forms part of most of the UN general conventions on mutual assistance and extradition.As to domestic level, Spanish organized crime policy adopted without a global or systematic perspective of criminal policy,but by legal reforms in Substantive criminal law,Criminal procedure and Administrative instruments.