京特·雅科布斯的刑法思想介评

Introduce and Review on G(?)nther Jakobs' Thought of Criminal Law

京特·雅科布斯教授是德国当代著名的法学家,机能主义犯罪论的缔造者之一。他非常重视刑法规范的保护目的,认为刑法要达到的效果是对规范同一性的保障、对宪法和社会的保障,也就是保障规范能够证明自己在社会中是真实的。主张犯罪的本质不是法益的侵害,而是规范的破坏。刑法的目的不是保护法益,而是保证规范不受破坏,并提出了积极的一般预防理论。在刑事归责上,他提出要以行为人的角色和法秩序确证的必要性来判断责任。在死刑问题上,他认为对市民不能适用死刑,但对敌人则可以适用死刑。

Professor Jakobs is the present famous jurist in Germany and one of the founders of functionism Crime theory.He very valued the protecting aims of Criminal law norms.He held that the effects Criminal law want to achieve are the guarantee of the norm identity and the guarantee of constitution and society,that is to say,to guarantee that norms can prove themselves true in society.He advocated that the essence of Crimes are not encroachment to legal interests,but violating norms; that the aims of Criminal Law are not protecting legal interests,but guarantee that norms are not violated.He also raised active general preventive theory.As to Criminal liability fixation,he raised that we must judge liabilities according to actor' s role and the necessity for proving truly legal orders.As to the problem of death penalty,he held that death penalty can not apply to citizens,but can apply to enemies.