西藏农牧业发展若干战略问题探讨

STRATEGIES OF AGRICULTURE AND ANIMAL HUSBANDRY DEVELOPMENT IN TIBET AUTONOMOUS REGION

该文分析了西藏解放 5 0a来农牧业发展的主要成就与存在的问题、新形势下西藏农牧业发展面临的机遇与挑战 ,西藏农牧业发展的优势与劣势。提出 ,新时期西藏农牧业发展的战略重点是 :①改变传统的粮食安全保障的观念 ,充分利用市场调节因素 ,逐步实现粮食供应由“自给”向“自主”转变 ; ②充分发挥资源优势 ,高度重视高原特色农牧业的发展 ,逐步实现种植业由“增粮”向“增效”转变 ; ③全面实施农牧业宏观发展战略 ,强调农牧结合 ,逐步实现农牧业生产的一体化 ,加速农牧业产业化 ,促进多种农牧业方式的综合发展 ;④深入贯彻可持续发展战略思想 ,重视生态农业在促进农牧业发展与生态环境保护中的作用 ,逐步实现农牧业经济发展与生态环境保育的良性循环。

In the last 50 years, much progress of agricultural and animal husbandry production has been made which not only roughly ensure the realization of grain self support but also improve the regional stabilization and the enhancement of farmers' income. The Strategy of Western Development and the openness of the Forth Working Conference on Tibet held by Central Committee of Chinese Communist Party put forward a new goal of “a big stride development' for Tibetan development and provide favorable opportunity for agricultural and animal husbandry development. China's WTO membership and the globalization of world economy make Tibetan agriculture and animal husbandry facing the problem of how to adapt international demand. The increasing serious ecological and environmental situations restrict routine development approach of agriculture and animal husbandry in Tibet. Based on the overall analysis and evaluation to current status in terms of both national and international situations, the corresponding strategies for agricultural and animal husbandry development are proposed. These strategies include: to change the traditional idea of food security and gradually use the market adjustment mechanism so as to realize the transformation of food accommodation from “self support' to “self determination'; to take fully advantage of resources and pay much attention to the development of plateau characteristic agriculture and animal husbandry so as to realize the transformation of farming from “increasing yield' to “increasing benefit', to carry out macro development of agriculture and animal husbandry and emphasize the organic combination of farming and animal breeding so as to realize the integration of farming and animal husbandry and agricultural industrialization, and to deeply implement the strategy of sustainable development and improve the development of ecological agriculture so as to gradually realize the versed cycle of agro economic development and eco environmental conservation.