北京市生活垃圾定价及计量收费研究

PRICING AND CHARGE SYSTEM OF DOMESTIC WASTE IN BEIJING

垃圾处理在我国城市一直作为公用事业 ,其资金来源于市政拨款。虽然北京市近年来实行了按户收费制度 ,由于是人头费且费用过低 ,垃圾的产生者并未切身感受到处理废弃物的代价 ,缺乏从源头上实施垃圾减量的机制 ,因此 ,垃圾计量收费势在必行。该文以北京市为例 ,计算了垃圾处理全程的社会成本 ,得出从垃圾收集到堆肥、填埋、焚烧处理的价格 ,这是垃圾计量收费的基础。论文还推算出垃圾费用在不同居民家庭收入中所占比重 ,证明了垃圾计量收费在居民承受力上的可行性。

Domestic solid waste has been managed in pubic utilities in China's cities, expenditure of which mainly comes from governmental finance budget. Although the household pricing system has been adopted in recent years, the impact o this kind of system upon residents' waste output behavior is not so significant as imagined to be. To reduce the waste from the residents' side, it is imperative to adopt unit pricing system. In this article, based on the pricing system and took Beijing as a case, the social expenses concerning waste treatment including collection, composition, incineration and landfill solution are calculated. Then the expenses on solid waste treatment in the families with different incomes are estimated, upon which it is concluded that unit pricing system is economically feasible in Beijing.