中国北方内陆盐水水域鱼类的种类和多样性

Fish species and diversity of inland saline waters in northern part of China

根据中国北方内陆盐水水域生物资源的调研材料 ,结合国内已有的报道 ,试对中国北方内陆盐水水域鱼类种类和分布做初步分析。在已掌握的 6 0多个水域资料中 ,有鱼生存的 2 1个盐水湖 ,盐度为 1 2 4～ 1 3 0 0 ,碱度为 3 0～ 44 5mmol/L ,pH 8 2 0～ 9 45。共见到鱼类 74种 ,隶属 8目 1 6科 ,其中许多是北方区、宁蒙区和华西区鱼类的指示种 ,也有华东区和华南区的代表种。各湖的鱼类种数在 1～ 2 7种之间 ,北方区和宁蒙区各水域鱼类区系的相似系数较高 ,新疆盐水湖鱼类种类组成较有特点。作者还讨论了盐度、碱度、pH等生态因子对鱼类的种类和多样性的影响 ,以及对盐水水域鱼类资源和多样性的保护利用方式。

Species composition and distribution of fishes in inland saline waters in northern part of China were analyzed preliminarily on the basis of the data of biological resources and other publications. In more than 60 known waters, 21 saline waters with salinities of 1.24-13.00, alkalinity of 3.0-44.5 mmol/L and pH of 8.20-9.45,fishes were found. There were 74 fish species in these waters, belonging to 8 orders, 16 families,most were indicator species in North China Region, Ningxia-Mongolia Region and West China Region. Also, there were some representative species in East China and South China. There were 1-27 species in each lake. There was high similarity coefficient of fish fauna in each water of North China Region and Ningxia-Mongolia Region. The fish composition in the saline water lakes of Xinjiang had some characters. The effects of biological factors such as salinity, alkalinity, pH on fish and their diversities were descibed. The protection and utilization of saline fish resources and diversity in saline waters were also discussed.