吉林省西部半干旱区增强玉米抗旱力及增产技术研究

Researches on techniques about increasing drought-resistant abilities of maize and maize yield in the semiarid Area of the west part of Jilin Province

采用田间长期定位试验法研究了耐密品种与稀植品种的水分生产率及节水增产、保水增产作用等。结果表明 :耐密品种比稀植品种水分生产率高 2 .32 %～ 12 .5 5 % ;特旱年份 ,硅肥可提高水分生产率 1.85 %～ 4 .2 9% ,增产 1.6 3%～ 5 .92 % ;S95,Mn SO4 分别提高水分生产率 1.4 8%、0 .89% ,增产 1.4 8%、2 .95 % ;石膏比对照节水- 7.5 7%～ 2 1.6 3% ,增产 12 .5 8%～ 4 4 .31% ;深松后 ,表层 0～ 10 cm,10～ 2 0 cm,2 0～ 30 cm土壤含水量分别增加5 8.5 2 % ,12 1.5 9% ,89.38% ,增产 15 .83% ;有机肥节水 14 .0 1%～ 2 1.81% ,增产 12 .32 %～ 2 1.16 %。各单项技术采用区或土壤含水量高或水分生产率高 。

The method of long term locational field experiment was used to conduct the researches on the moisture productivities, moisture saving, moisture keeping, water storing and their effects on yield increasing of dense planting variety and sparse planting variety. The experimental results showed: The moisture productivities of dense planting variety were 2.32%～12.55% higher than those of sparse planting variety; in specially dry year, silicate fertilizer increased moisture productivities by 1.85%～4.29%, and increased yield by 1.63%～5.92%; S 95 and MnSO 4 increased the moisture productivities by 1.48%, 0.89% respectively and increased yields by 1.48%～2.95%; as compared with those of comparison treatment, the application of gypsum saved soil moisture by -7.57%～21.63% and increased yield by 12.58% ～44.31%; after deep loosening, soil moisture content in the 0～10, 10～20, 20～30 cm of surfacial layers was increased by 58.52%, 121.59%, 89.38% respectively and yield was increased by 15.83%; the application of organic manure saved soil moisture by 14.01%～21.81% and increased yields by 12.32% ～ 21.16%. The soil moisture content or moisture productivity of the single technique adoption plot was higher, and thus reach the drought resistant and yield increase purpose.