用人工冷水池鉴定水稻光温敏核不育系雄性不育起点温度的研究

Studies on Identifying the Critical Sterility-inducing Temperature of PTGMS Lines in Rice with Temperature Controlled Cold Water Bed

用人工冷水池与人工气候箱分别对 8个水稻光温敏核不育系在它们育性转换温敏感期进行 5d日均温2 3.5℃ (2 2～ 2 5℃ )的冷水与 6d日均温 2 3.5℃ (19.5～ 2 6 .0℃ )的冷气处理。结果表明 :株S 1、陆 18S、96 5 2S、139S及康 2 0 1S在两种低温处理条件下均表现不育 ,自交结实率与花粉可染率均为 0 ;培矮 6 4S在人工冷气处理条件下也表现不育 ,自交结实率与花粉可染率为 0 ,但在人工冷水处理条件下表现轻度可育 ,自交结实率为0 .0 5 % ,花粉可染率为 5 .0 % ;810S与 179S在两种低温处理条件下均表现可育 ,自交结实率为 3.7%～ 18.5 % ,花粉可染率为 4 .3%～ 4 1.0 % ,但人工冷水处理条件下的自交结实率与花粉可染率明显高于人工冷气处理条件下的自交结实率与花粉可染率。说明用人工冷水池鉴定水稻光温敏核不育系雄性不育的起点温度是可行的 ,而且鉴定的灵敏度比人工气候箱更高。根据人工冷水池与人工气候箱鉴定的结果可知 :株S 1、陆 18S、96 5 2S、139S及康 2 0 1S的雄性不育起点温度小于 2 3.5℃ ,培矮 6 4S的雄性不育起点温度在 2 3.5℃左右 ,而 810S与 179S的雄性不育起点温度大于 2 3.5℃。

To identify more accurately the critical sterility inducing temperature (CSIT) of photoperiod and thermo sensitive genic male sterile (PTGMS) lines in rice, we designed a device by which cold water can be produced and the temperature of the cold water can be automatically controlled. We called this device a temperature controlled cold water bed. Eight PTGMS lines in rice were treated in this bed by low temperature water of 23.5℃ (22℃ for 12 h and 25℃ for 12 h) with 18～20 cm water depth for 5 days within their thermo sensitive stages of fertility alternation, compared with the treatment in phytotron by low temperature air of 23.5℃ (19.5～26.0℃) for 6 days at the same sensitive stages. The results showed that: five rice PTGMS lines of Zhu S 1, Lu 18S, 139S, Kang 201S and 96 5 2S were sterile with both selfed seed set and stainable pollen rate at zero under the conditions of two kinds of low temperature treatments; one PTGMS line (Pei'ai 64S) was sterile with both selfed seed set and stainable pollen rate at zero treated in phytotron by low temperature air, but it was a little fertile with selfed seed set of 0.05% and stainable pollen rate of 5.0% treated in the bed by low temperature water; the other two PTGMS lines (810S and 179S) were fertile with selfed seed set of 3.7%～18.5% and stainable pollen rate of 4.3%～41.0% under the conditions of two kinds of low temperature treatments,but the selfed seed set and stainable pollen rate in the condition of low temperature water treatment were higher than those in the condition of low temperature air treatment. Therefore, it is concluded that it is possible to identify the CSIT of PTGMS lines with the controlled cold water bed, and it is more accurately to identify the CSIT with this bed than with phytotron. According to the results from the treatments with the bed and phytotron, the CSIT of Zhu S 1, Lu 18S, 139S, Kang 201S and 96 5 2S were lower than 23.5 ℃,that of Pei'ai 64S was about 23.5℃, and those of 810S and 179S were higher than 23.5℃.