试论离婚之精神损害赔偿制度

A Preliminary Study on Compensation for Spiritual Hurt in Divorce

离婚之精神损害有离因精神损害和离婚精神损害两种。前者是夫妻一方对另一方构成侵权行为而导致离婚 ,从而给一方造成精神痛苦 ,受害方可请求精神损害赔偿。我国新的《婚姻法》确立了这一精神损害赔偿制度 ,填补了我国婚姻制度的一个空缺。而后者是夫妻一方对另一方并无侵权行为 ,离婚本身即为构成精神损害之直接原因 ,如由于第三者插足、婚外恋、夫妻一方被判处徒刑等。这种离婚同样使一方受到精神损害 ,自然也应得精神损害赔偿。遗憾的是 ,新的《婚姻法》并未作此规定。因此 ,要完善我国离婚之精神损害赔偿制度 ,不仅要使离婚之精神损失赔偿的权利义务主体进一步扩大 ,把第三者也作为离婚之精神损害赔偿的义务主体 ,而且还要将离因精神损害赔偿扩大到离婚精神损害赔偿 ,将因婚外恋、第三者插足、因配偶一方犯罪而被判入狱和其他原因导致离婚的情况作出规定 。

There are two kinds of spiritual hurt in divorce:the one due to one's inroads on the spouse and the one due to divorce itself.The former refers to divorce caused by one's inroads on the spouse;consequently bringing spiritual suffering to the spouse.In this case,the suffered side can ask for compensation for spiritual hurt according to the new Marriage Law.The latter case refers to the spiritual hurt directly caused by divorce itself,such as interrupter,unlauful love,the sentence of the spouse.This kind of divorce similarly bings suffering to the spouse,hence the compensation;but the pity is that the new Marriage Law gives no mention of it.So, it still needs us to do such work in order to perfect the compensation for spiritual hurt.