唐百丈禅师怀海生年考

On the Date of Birth of the Zenist Monk Baizhang Huaihai of the Tang Dynasty

唐代百丈怀海禅师,倡导农禅,并以身作则,“一日不作,一日不食”,为印度佛教的中国化做出巨大贡献。但对这样一位著名高僧,就其在生的具体年代,长期以来学界存在着较大的分歧,或云其活66岁（公元749-814）,或云其享寿95（公元720～814）。作者认为考察历史人物的活动,其生卒时间是重要的数据,因而审视各家分歧症结之所在,在前贤研究的基础上,进一步加以考证,认定百丈怀海生于公元749年,活66岁。

Baizhang Huaihai, The renowned Zen Buddhist Master of the Tang Dynasty, who advocates Buddhist priests' self-reliance through farming labor and sets himself as a perfect example in practicing the doctrine 'No labor, no food', has made tremendous contributions to the Sinicization of Indian Buddhism. As for his date of birth, however, there has been a variety of opinions for long. Some scholars identify his lifespan as 95 years (720 - 814 A. D); others, 66 years (749 - 814 A. D). This paper, holding that the lifespan and date of birth are data of great significance for investigating the activities of historical personalities, analyzes the reasons of this opinion difference, examines the research materials on which different arguments are based, and finally concludes that Master Baizhang Huaihai was born in 749 A. D and lived for 66 years.