浅析中世纪罗马法研究首先在意大利城市兴起的原因

On the Study of Roman Law Beginning in the Italian Cities

中世纪的意大利处在多股政治势力的统治之下 ,它们之间的斗争导致了地方自治的增强 ,地方自治所倚靠的是城市。中世纪意大利的城市程度不同地保存了罗马帝国时期的传统 ,市政生活开始得较早。意大利的地理环境决定了从中世纪早期起商业贸易活动在社会经济活动中就占据了重要的位置 ,并由此打造了意大利城市社会结构的特点 ,相同利益的社会群体组成了同业公会。各社会群体参与对城市进行管理的要求引发了城市自治运动 ,城市自治的一个重要方面是综合当时现有的各种法律和法令。罗马法具有辩证的法律规范 ,能够提供综合各种法令的法律原则 ,因而在意大利城市中兴起了研究。

Italy was under the rule of multifarious politic influences in the middle ages.The conflicts between them brought on increasing local autonomy, which depended on cities. The most medieval cities of Italy leaved behind the Roman Empire,and they kept some traditions by the administration of the Roman empire, thereby beginning the civicism very early. From beginning the middle ages, trade had a very important place in the economic activities owing to the geographical condition. The active trade brought up a characteristic of the city structure that colonies bearing uniform advantage composed guild. Demanding of participating in administration of the city brought on the movement of the city autonomy. One important facet of the city autonomy was synthesizing various existing rules and decrees of the time. The Roman law had borne a dialectic lega criterion, and could offer the principle for the synthesizing various rules and decrees, so that the study of Roman law rose in Italian cities.