意大利半岛的“罗马化”进程

The Romanization in the Italian Peninsula

意大利半岛的罗马化进程是一个漫长而复杂的历史过程。至公元前 2世纪末 ,罗马版图已经扩展到整个地中海区域 ,建立在城邦制基础上的罗马共和国开始面临危机 ,各类矛盾不断激化 ,其中意大利同盟者要求合法权利的呼声日益高涨。他们在采用合法手段斗争失败后 ,便走上了武装斗争的道路。公元前 1世纪爆发的同盟战争在罗马历史上产生了重要的影响。战后 ,波河以南的意大利居民获得了罗马公民权 ,罗马国家也从罗马民族的一统天下改造成为意大利多民族共同参与的政权机构。经过同盟战争的严酷整合 ,意大利半岛终于完成了罗马化进程。

The integration of Italian Romanization was a long and complex process, in which Romans were predominant , what historians call 'Romanization'. From late second century BC Roman history was seen as a series of stages in an ever-deepening crisis, Republic at the basic of city-state started to collapse, the demands of Italian allied communities were very strong for their equal rights with Romans. When in 91BC the tribune M.Livius Drusus was mysteriously murdered, the allied communities were aware of their hope that they got citizenship of Rome and land by legal means to be shattered, in this year there broke out the Social War in Italy (the so-called Social War socius weans 'ally'in Latin). After Social War, all the communities of south Italy of the river Po had citizenship of Rome. The bases of Roman ruling had been enlarged for Italian people. Italian peninsula also had finished Romanization by the bloody war.