原义和比喻

本文以语言哲学为基础,从意义和修辞视角出发,揭示了语言中原义、比喻意义的产生、存在与发展过程及其特点,进而描述和分析了原义和比喻间的深层结构与表层结构的区别、语境与意义、隐喻意义是原义还是比喻的微妙复杂关系。认为虽然原义反映语言的普通意义,但是比喻,尤其是隐喻,乃是语义历史中词汇变化的主发动机,是语言理解的重要认知元素。

This paper,based on language philosophy,and from the view of the meanings and the figures,reveals the causes and the characteristics of the emergence,existence and development of the literal and the figurative meaning in the language.After describing and analyzing the literal and the figurative language distinction in the deep structure and the surface structure,the meaning and the context and the subtle complicated relation between the literal and the figurative meaning of metaphor in the language,this paper claims that literal language by its nature tends to reflect what is common rather than what is unique,but the figurative language,especially the metaphor,is the main engine of the lexical changes in the history of the language and the important language cognitive element.