人的一种令人惊骇的存在——论斯特林堡及其《鬼魂奏鸣曲》

具有现代戏剧先驱之誉的斯特林堡尽管不同时期创作的方法与风格有所变化,但是,关注并表现人的一种令人惊骇的存在与状况,表现人与人之间的异化关系,以及人的精神危机是其戏剧的基本底色。在《鬼魂奏鸣曲》里,斯特林堡营造了一个非现实模仿的魑魅魍魉的世界,以独特的手法表现了冷酷无情的西方社会中,现代人道德体系的全面崩溃。这是一部具有现代派戏剧元素的作品,有阿尔托主张的残酷戏剧的影子,有荒诞派戏剧中的荒诞因素,也有表现主义戏剧的主观色彩,它和斯特林堡的其他剧作一样,展示出作者对人类和世界的极度悲观、阴暗的看法。

The concern over alienation in human interrelationship and existential state remains the constant concern for August Strindberg,the pioneering dramatist,despite his varied creation style in different stages.Also,his plays are characterized by his peculiar portrait of the spiritual crisis of human beings.In The Ghost Sonata,he has created a ghost world,mirroring the corruption of moral system in modern western society.As a play with modern dramatic elements,it has been empowered with literary features of cruel drama,absurd drama and subjective nature of expressionistic drama.Together with other dramas of August Strindberg,it conveys his pessimistic and gloomy attitudes of human beings and the world at large.