葡萄的成花过程及其影响因素

Process of Flower Formation and Influencing Factors in Grapevines

成花过程是葡萄生长发育过程中的重要转折时期,葡萄的成花过程受众多内外因素的调控。葡萄的成花过程可分为花序分化、花器官分化两个阶段,具体可分为营养生长、花诱导、花决定、花发端、花序及花器官的发生成熟、开花等步骤。对影响葡萄成花的因素分外部环境条件、内部因素和激素3个方面进行了讨论。综述了温度、光、湿度等外部环境因素及器官效应、碳水化合物等内部因素对葡萄成花的作用。植物激素水平,尤其是GA_3/CTK的平衡关系在控制葡萄成花过程中起重要作用。

Flower formation, which is affected by multiple inner and outer factors, is a vital process in grapevine development. The process of flower formation in grapevines involves two main stages: inflorescence differentiation and flower organ differentiation. It concretely comprised the following steps: vegetative growth, flower induction, flower determination, evocation, flower maturation, anthesis. Factors that influence flower formation in grapevines are reviewed under three major heading: effect of environmental factors, inner factors and hormones. We review the functions of environmental factors (temperature, light, water etc.) and inner factors (organs effects, carbohydrate) during flower formation. Plant hormones, especially the gib-berellin: cytokinin balance, play an important role in controlling flower formation in grapevines.