历史时期四川蚕桑事业的兴衰

Prosperity and Decline of Silkworm Breeding and Mulberry Growing of Sichuam

四川蚕桑事业在中国经济史上曾有非常重要的地位 ,而民国以来趋于衰落。本文从多学科角度全面审视了四川蚕桑事业的兴衰过程 ,在此基础上总结出根本原因 :明清赋税内容的改变及江南丝织业的兴起 ,使四川蚕桑事业由宋以前的自蚕自织转变为以生丝产销为主 ,过分依赖外部市场 ,第一次世界经济危机之后 ,四川生丝出口受严重打击 ,从此一蹶不振。

The cause of silkworm breeding and mulberry growing of Sichuan once had extremely important status at the history of economic of China. But it tended to go down from the period of the Republic of China. This text examined the prosperous and declining process closely in all the round, and from angles of various branches of learning. And it summarized a basic reason on this basis: The change of the taxes content at Ming and Qing periods and the prosperity of the industry of silk fabrics in Jiangnan, made the cause of silkworm breeding and mulberry growing of Sichuan changed from engaging in sericulture, and spinning all by oneself before Song period, to taking production and marketing of raw silk as the main part. It excessively depended the external markets. After the first world economic crisis, the export of raw silk suffered serious hit in Sichuan. And it collapsed after a single setback from then on. We hope that the development of the western region can get some enlightenment from it.