日本历史环境保护的理论与实践

Theory and practice of historic environment preservation in Japan

历史环境是指与一定范围的土地密切相关的文化遗产所构成的整体物质环境状态 ,它与居民的生活息息相关。 1 966年日本制定《古都保存法》来保护古都的历史风土 ,1 975年修订《文化财保护法》创立“传统建造物群保存地区”制度 ,对一般城镇内的历史街区以及村落聚落景观为代表进行切实保护与利用 ,与此同时全国综合开发政策也进行了相应的调整。在这一过程中 ,保护运动中的公众参与和地方自治体起了积极的推动作用。

Historic environment is a geographically definable area possessing a significant concentration, linkage or continuity of cultural properties by past events or aesthetic value. Historic preservation and environmental protection first came to public awareness in Japan in the late 1960s. In 1966 the Law on Special Measures for Preservation of Historic Natural Features in Ancient Cities was enacted. In 1975 the Cultural Properties Protection Act was revised with the content of ‘Preservation Districts for Groups of Historic Buildings’ added. And then the public policy in the Comprehensive National Development Plan was influenced by the law mentioned above. All of these were promoted and supported by independent citizens’ groups or local governments.