系统误差的消除和修正

Elimination and correction of systematic errors

在实验的研究中,任何一种测量结果都不可避免的会有一定的误差,所以误差分析非常重要。当我们拟定了实验方案、选择一定精度的仪器、用适当的方法进行测量后,更重要的是将所测得的数据加以整理归纳,科学地分析、研究变量间的规律,目的是为了得到合理的结果。但是,由于外界条件的影响、仪器的优劣以及感觉器官的限制,实验测得的数据只能达到一定的准确度。因此,在实验前了解测量所能达到的准确度,实验后科学地分析和处理数据的误差,才能正确表达测量结果的可靠程度,提高实验的质量和水平,对实验起到一定的指导作用。这就需要了解误差的种类、起因、特点和性质,帮助我们抓住提高准确度的关键。

In the experiments,any kind of measurement results will have certain error inevitably,so error analysis is very important.After drew up the plan,chosen instruments with specific precision and measured using appropriate methods,we should sort out and sum up the data we measured,analyze and study the rule of variables scientifically to get reasonable result that is more important.However,data measured in experiments has certain precision because of the influence of external conditions,quality of instruments and limit of human sense organ.Therefore,we should realize precision of measurements before experiment and analyze and process errors of the data scientifically after experiment and then we can get the reliability of measurement result correctly and improve the quality and level of experiments.So the result could have a guiding role to experiments.We should realize the classes,reason,feature and character of errors to help us grasping the key of improving precision.