内蒙古沙尘天气生态环境背景遥感分析

Remote Sensing Analysis of Ecological and Environmental Backgrounds of Sand-stormy Weather in Inner Mongolia

沙尘暴是中国北方地区 ,特别是沙漠及其临近地区特有的一种自然灾害。据研究 ,内蒙古中西部地区已成了中国北方主要的沙尘中心和源地。内蒙古地区多属干旱、半干旱气候 ,生态环境脆弱 ,由于长期不合理的生产和生活活动 ,生态环境迅速恶化 ,水土流失、风蚀沙漠化、盐渍化以及草场退化等问题日益严峻。加之全球气候变化的影响 ,近年来沙尘天气肆虐该地区 ,受影响的地区遭到不同程度的危害。利用 2 0 0 0年 5～ 10月份 TM假彩色合成影像 ,解译并获取土地利用现状、植被状况和土壤侵蚀等信息和数据基础上 ,较全面分析了内蒙古沙尘源地的生态环境背景 。

In desert and its closing regions in northern China,sand storm is a kind of natural calamity.According to the research,the mid west Inner Mongolia has become the main center and origin of dust in northern China.Belonging to the arid and semi arid climate,the ecological environment of Inner Mongolia is delicate because of irrational production and living activities for a long time,ecological environment is deteriorated rapidly.For example,there are many envirnmental problems such as soil and water erosion,wind erosion,salinization and meadow degeneration etc.Furthermore,because of the change of global climate,there are more dangerous sand storms in this area in rencent years.Finally,some information and date of present situation of land utilization,vegetation and soil erosion are obtained from the TM images from May to October in 2000,then the ecological and enviromental backgrounds of dust origin in Inner Mongolia are analyzed.And the renovating countermeasures are put forward.