辣(甜)椒胞质雄性不育系杂种优势利用及其制种技术

Heterosis Utilization of CMS Lines in Hot (Sweet) Peppers and Techniques for Its Hybrid Seed Production

自 198 0年开始 ,利用从法国引进的长灯笼形甜椒胞质雄性不育系“LANES”为不育源 ,通过回交转育方法 ,于 1984年选育出羊角形辣椒胞质雄性不育系“2 1A”、灯笼形甜椒胞质雄性不育系“8A”和“17A”。至 2 0 0 0年测配6 17个辣 (甜 )椒杂交组合 ,其中F1育性完全恢复的组合为 196个 ,占全部组合数的 31.7%。在这 196个组合中 ,辣 /辣组合 12 7个 ,占 6 4.8% ;甜 /甜组合仅 11个 ,占 5 .6 %。经配合力测定 ,选育出 3个具有优质、抗病、丰产特点的一代杂种 2 1/LS3 (“苏椒 3号A”)、2 1A/LS2 和 8A/LS7(“碧玉”)。辣椒雄性不育系繁种、制种技术研究表明 ,利用大棚繁种 ,不育系∶恢复系为 2∶1,采用人工辅助授粉生产的杂交种子量明显高于露地繁种。应用辣椒雄性不育系繁制一代杂交种子 ,比常规去雄繁种节省工本 5 0 % ,且纯度达到 10 0 %。

With sweet pepper CMS line'LANES'introduced from France as the CMS resource, CMS line'21A'in hot pepper, CMS line 8A and 17A in sweet pepper were bred in 1984 through repeated backcrosses. Of the total 617 combinations made with these CMS lines/the testers in 2000,196 F 1 hybrids,among which 127 were the hot pepper/hot pepper and 11 the sweet pepper/sweet pepper, were fully restored in their fertility. Through combination ability appraisal, three F 1 hybrids:21A/LS 3 (named hybrid pepper variety'Sujiao 3A'), 21A/LS 2,and 8A/LS 7 (hybrid pepper variety 'Green Jade'),with fine quality, disease resistance and high yield, were developed. The results of hybrid seed production indicated that in plastic greenhouse, at row ratio of 2 (the female)∶1 (the male) and artificial supplementary pollination,hybrid seed yield may reach 600 kg/hm 2 on an average. The seed yield in the open field only approaches 50%～60% of that produced in the plastic greenhouse. Compared with the conventional method, hybrid seed production will save 50% of the cost and the outcrossing rate will reach 100%.