江苏省长江以北地区麦田杂草群落的定量分析

Quantitative Analysis of Weed Community in Wheat Field in Northern Areas of Jiangsu Province

用 7级目测法调查江苏省长江以北地区 6 9个样点的 6 38块麦田共计约 5 4 5hm2 的草害情况 ,数据转化成综合值后 ,进行主成分分析 ,并赋予生态学意义上的解释。研究结果表明 ,决定江苏长江以北地区麦田杂草发生、分布和危害的主要因素是土壤水分、土壤性质 +地带性气候因素 ;主成分分析结果表明 ,生境相似 ,杂草群落有趋同性 ;可将 6 9个样点划分为 3个聚类群 ,即沿海旱茬麦类群、内陆旱茬麦类群和稻茬麦类群 ,各聚类群均有相应的优势杂草 ,粘毛卷耳、波斯婆婆纳、刺儿菜、猪殃殃等为沿海旱茬麦田优势杂草 ,内陆旱茬麦田的主要杂草是播娘蒿和麦家公 ,稻茬麦田的杂草优势种为硬草、棒头草 。

Outputs of principal component analysis (PCA) was ecologically interpreted after the overall weed infestation indexes of all weed populations occurred in 69 sampling sites amounted to 54.5 hm 2 wheat fields in the northern areas of Jiangsu Province were assessed by visual scoring the level of weed infestation to wheat in seven scales.The results indicated that the main factors determining the weed communities and infestation in the wheat fields in this region were soil humidity,soil type and geographic reason.The same weed communities occurred in the similarly ecological environment.According to the results of PCA,69 sampling sites could be divided into three groups.The group of wheat rotated with dry crop in the coastal plain had such dominants as Cerastium glomeratum,Veronica persica,Cephalanoplos segetum and Galium aparine var.tenerum.Descurainia sophia and Lithospermum arvense were the two main weeds in the fields of the group of wheat rotated with dry crop of the inland plain.The dominant weeds of the group of wheat rotated with rice were Sclerochloa kengiana and Polypogon fugax.The integrated weed management strategy was also suggested according to the weed distribution pattern of each group.