从古代君臣关系立法看中国法律文化的特点

On the Characteristics of Chinese Legal Culture by Studying the Ancient Liege Relationship

中国封建制法律在处理君臣关系上采取了一系列措施 ,如全面规定职官行为 ,明确职官义务 ,及时调整官制 ,使官无常制 ,职无常守 ,密察各方 ,建立起全面系统的监察体系。但不管采取什么措施来处理君臣之间的关系 ,只要专制主义中央集权的制度没有废除 ,堵塞君臣关系之间矛盾纠纷而产生的漏洞的方法是不可能奏效的。这种法只会进一步加深君主的心理隐患 ,促成整个国家的立法指导思想为 :防范重于建设 ,镇压重于调整 ,使法律仅仅成为政治斗争的一种工具。

In ancient Chinese feudal society, the laws adopted a series of measure to manage the liege relationship. But whatever measure was adopted, the leaks produced the conflict in the liege relationship could not be walled up because of the autocratic centralism. This caused the guiding ideas of the legislation was: prevention was prior to construction, repression was prior to adjustment and the law became the tool in the political conflicts.