地表覆盖及等高线种植玉米对坡地红壤水热生态效应研究

Effect of Surface Mulch and Contour Planting Maize on Soil Water and Temperature at Sloping Cropland with Red Soil

1999年在云南高原坡耕地红壤上进行了地表覆盖及等高线种植玉米试验。结果表明 ,玉米苗期 ,裸地等高线种植对提升坡地红壤土温有明显作用 ,盖膜有好的增温效果。采用覆膜等高线种植措施有明显的调节水分功能 ,使坡耕地红壤水分含量变幅较小 ,起到了防旱防涝的作用 ,但雨水多时保水效果差 ,加剧坡耕地红壤的水分流失。采用盖草及结合翻耕、免耕等保护性措施 ,并未明显导致低土温 ,且有利于蓄积降水 ,气候持续干旱时也有好的保水作用。

A field plot experiment on red soil in sloping cropland was conducted in 1999 in Yunnan Province, and the results showed that contour planting can improae soil temperature obviously and soil temperature of polythene surface mulching treatment was increased greatly in maize early growing period. Polythene surface mulching is of no avail to store precipitation water, but it had the action of adjust soil water content well and make soil moisture change little, so prevent drought and waterlogging in whole maize growing time. Straw mulch and combine with the measures of ploughing and no-tillage would not lead lower soil temperature and avail to store precipitation water, keep soil moisture in continual drought time. The fine effect of surface mulch and contour planting on soil water and temperature is the main factor to produce high maize yield in sloping cropland.