西方大学制度的几种主要模式及其启示——从权力结构的角度分析

Institutional Models for Western Universities and Their Implications:An Analysis from the Power Structure Perspective

本文从权力结构的角度出发,通过选取高等教育管理体制、大学法律地位、大学内部领导机构、大学内部治理架构和大学内部权力结构特点五个指标和纬度来对法、英、德、美、日这五个主要西方国家的大学制度进行分析和比较,得出四点启示:(1)各国大学制度基本都体现了大学作为学术型组织的本质要求;(2)政府是当今大学制度中最关键的一个因素;(3)管理体制的政府集权不等于学术自由的必然减少;(4)学习和借鉴是大学制度发展史上永恒的重要主题。

This paper analyzes and compares the fives aspects of university institutions,namely,higher education administrative system,the legal status of universities,the internal leadership structures with in universities,the internalg overnance structures within universities,and the internal power structures within universities,in five major western countries——France,Britain,Germany,A merica,and Japan.Four implications are reached:(1)The university institutions all reflect the essential requirements of universities as academic organizations.(2)Government is a key factor in today's university institutions.(3)Thec entralization of administrative system does not necessarily lead to the decreaseo f academic freedom.(4)Learning and borrowing are eternal themes in the history of university institution development.