人力资本、家庭资本与大学生就业认知——基于江苏省20所高校的经验研究

Human Capital, Family Capital and College Students’Employment Cognition: An Empirical Study Based on 20 Universities in Jiangsu Province

基于江苏省20所高校大学生调研数据,用罗吉斯蒂回归法分析了人力资本、家庭资本拥有情况对大学生就业认知的影响,发现人力资本对大学生就业中的自我认知能力有显著性影响。学习成绩越好,其就业自我能力认知程度越高;在校期间若担任过学生干部,则其表达能力、交往能力及领导能力相对于其他同学会更好;学习成绩越差,其感觉到的就业形势压力越大;低收入家庭的大学生比高收入家庭的学生感受到的就业压力会更大;不同人力资本存量、不同家庭资本存量的大学生对于就业困难认知存在一定差异;绝大部分大学生在就业单位选择时对经济收入与福利待遇、就业单位性质、职业稳定性及自身兴趣和爱好等非常重视;而对工作与自己所学专业是否对口则不太重视。

Based on the large-scale survey data of college students in 20 universities in Jiangsu Province, this paper conducts logistic regression analyses on the relationships between human capital, family capital and the students ’ employment cognition. There are three major findings. Firstly, human capital significantly affects undergraduates ’ cognition of their employability: the better academic performance, the higher level of employability. Student leaders have better communication capacities, interpersonal skills and leadership ability. Secondly, students who have poorer academic performance or come from lower-income families are liable to feel more pressures than their peers in the employment situ ation. Thirdly, university students who possess different human capital stock or family capital stock differ in cognition of employment difficulties. Most students pay more attention to the income and benefits of a job, the social status of the employers, job stability and whether the job matches their own interests and hobbies, whereas they do not pay much attention to whether the jobs match their majors of study.