台前幕后:NCLB立法过程中的争斗与妥协

Behind the Scene:Battles and Compromises in the Legislative Process of the NCLB Act

本研究通过对多种文献的分析,以立法程序为线索,展示了NCLB立法过程中总统与国会之间、国会两院之间、两党之间以及党内不同派别之间的斗争与妥协。研究表明:在NCLB立法过程中,总统在确立政策导向、推动立法议程、团结国会力量等方面发挥了积极作用,但在某些问题上又不得不听命于国会;国会既配合总统的新联邦教育改革方向提出了详细议案,又在具体问题上针锋相对、据理力争;党派斗争也充斥于国会山立法议程的审定、敏感话题的讨论以及投票等多个环节。NCLB是各方基于政治现实而斗争和妥协的产物。

Based on a variety of literature,this paper shows battles and compromises between the President and Congress,the House and the Senate,Democrats and Republicans,and different factions within each party in the NCLB legislative process.The study indicates that:in the legislative process of NCLB Act,the President played a positive role in establishing policy issues and promoting the legislative agenda,but had to take orders from the Congress on certain issues;Congress supported the President by drawing bills on President ' s NCLB blueprint,but stuck to its own position on specific issues;the Capitol Hill was also filled with partisan struggles on the legislative agenda,the sensitive topics and voting sessions.The NCLB Act was the compromise between political forces based on reality.