试论法人理论和大学法人的分类——中国大学法人制度建立的基础反思

On the Corporation Theories and the Classification of University as a Corporation: Rethinking the Fundamental Issues for Establishing the University Corporation Institution in China

中国现代大学经历了改革开放三十余年的发展,传统的权力结构和管理模式已经不能很好地适应大众普遍增长的高等教育需求。为了化解矛盾,理论与实务界出现诸多改革高等教育的探索,借用西方法人制度来重构中国大学治理模式成为其中重要的一种尝试,也逐渐成为研究的热点。明确法人本质与分类,是中国大学法人制度建立的核心问题。论文通过梳理法人理论及其分类学说,着眼于中国进行大学法人化改革研究的前提,探讨中国大学法人化的实现性及其可能的实现途径。

With the 30 years of development after the reform and opening-up policy, Chinese universities still cannot meet the needs of the mass demand for higher education with their traditional power and control structure. After the crucial debates about the contradiction, scholars start to find the suitable paths to reform the inner structure of educational governance in higher education. The institution of corporations became a hot issue in this cross-discipline research field. The fundamental point for establishing the university corporation in China is to classify all the universities legally. By discussing the nature of corporation, theories of classification of corporation and the differences in different countries, the author makes conclusions on the logical and theoretical conditions of corporational reform for Chinese universities and the proper path to achieve it.