身体教育论:森有礼国民教育的思想回路

Theory of Physical Education: A Review of Arinori Mori’s National Education Ideology

本文以日本近代教育制度改革实践家森有礼的身体教育论为对象,通过追溯其思想由来和现实背景,分析对比身体教育在森有礼改革实施前后的变化情况,论证其所推行的身体教育不仅在于内容(体操训练)本身,更被赋予了精神锻炼的内涵,是一种运用身体手段达到培养"气质"目的的教育方法。该法在思想上突破了传统教科书式说教的道德教育方式,成为一种将身体作为教育回路构建国民教育的尝试。

Taking the physical education theory of Arinori Mori-the first Minister of Education in modern Japan-as the object, this article reviews the ideological origin and the realistic background of the physical education theory, analyzes and compares the changes of physical education before and after the implementation of his reform, and finally demonstrates that the physical education pushed by Arinori Mori not only refers to the content (gymnastics training) itself, but also is imbued with the meaning of mental training-an educational method to cultivate temperament by physical training. This method broke through the traditional moral education measure of sermon in ideology and became an attempt to take physical education as the education loop in building national education