从血的改革到绿的发展——高其倬与昭通屯垦

From Bloody Reform to Green Development——Gao Qizhuo and Stationing Troops to Open Up Wasteland in Zhaotong

鄂尔泰在滇东北实行的武力改流将雍正朝的“改土归流”推向了最高潮，但这个高潮却使清王朝在这些地区的统治陷入了危机：频繁的变乱和对变乱的血腥屠杀，使改土归流的成果面临流产。在此危急关头，高其倬东山复出，再任云贵总督，在残破的昭通地区进行移民屯垦，使昭通的社会经济在较短时期内得到了迅速恢复，巩固了改土归流的成果，彻底改变了昭通的社会面貌，为这一地区后来的发展奠定了基础。本文从昭通屯垦入手，初步对滇东北改土归流成果的巩固问题进行探讨。

Ortai's armed reform in northeastern Yunnan pushed Yongzheng's Bureau-cratic Consolidation to a climax, which however made Qing's control in these areas bogged down in crises: the successes of Bureaucratic Consolidation were facing miscarriage because of the frequent turmoils and bloody slaughter to turmoils. At the critical juncture, Gao Qizhuo staged a comeback and again held office as a Governor - General of Yunnan and Guizhou. He stationed troops to open up wasteland in dilapidated Zhaotong, which had recovered Zhaotong's economy in a fairly short time and consolidated successes of Bureaucratic cnsolidation. The complete changes in social physiognomy of Zhaotong laid a foundation for its development later on. Fo-cussing on stationing troops to open up wastelang in Zhaotong, this article makes a brief analysis on consolidating successes of Bureaucratic Consolidation in northeastern Yunnan.